Abstract
Commiphora leptophloeos is a plant specie usually known for its medicinal purposes in local communities in Northeast Brazil. In order to evaluate its therapeutic potential, we aimed to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of C. leptophloeos extracts. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was able to detect the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and reducing sugars. Three phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC and described as Gallic, Chlorogenic and Protocatechuic acids. On the other hand, H1NMR analysis revealed the presence of hinokinin, a bioactive lignan further characterized in the present work. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for hinokinin ranged from 0.0485 to 3.125 mg/mL in different S. aureus clinical isolates and showed a bactericidal activity against MRSA isolated from blood (MMC 0.40 mg/mL) and postoperative secretion (MMC = 3.125 mg/mL). C. leptophloeos extracts also showed antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium species such as M. smegmatis (MIC = 12.5 mg/mL) and M. tuberculosis (MIC = 52 mg/mL). Additionally, we determined the toxicity of C. leptophloeos by in vitro HC50 tests with hemolytic activity detected of 313 ± 0.5 μg/mL. Our results showed that C. leptophloeos possesses inhibitory properties against MRSA as well as several other clinically important microorganisms. Furthermore, the present work is the first report of the presence of hinokinin in Commiphora genus.
Highlights
The discovery of antibacterial agents was a breakthrough event in medicine and represented a landmark in human health
The qualitative phytochemical analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of C. leptophloeos extracts detected the presence of Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids and Reducing sugars in all extracts (Table 2)
The fraction F16 from CLCLE studied shown the presence of hinokinin in our analysis and the spectrum 1H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) of F16 from CLCLE showed two multiplets in high field, being referent to sp3 hydrogens connected to neighboring carbons of chiral carbon (C-7 and C-7’)
Summary
The discovery of antibacterial agents was a breakthrough event in medicine and represented a landmark in human health. The widespread misuse of these agents has brought to light two major problems involving the treatment of bacterial infections: (i) the emergence of Multidrug-resistance Organisms (MDROs) and (ii) the existence of bacteria innately resistant to most antibiotics. The rising number of MDROs is an imminent threat worldwide, especially the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which has acquired a gene involved in the resistance to all available β-lactam antibiotics. In this scenario, Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused. In the context of multidrug-resistance, approximately 480 000 people developed multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) worldwide and the major causes are inappropriate treatment, misuse of drugs or use of poor quality medicines (Venturini et al, 2014; WHO, 2015)
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