Abstract
In this chapter, the processes of the large-scale production of ginseng, the toxicological and pharmaceutical studies as well as evaluation of commercial production are described. Commercial production is achieved at a scale of 20 to 25 thousand liters using an aggregated cell suspension of Panax ginseng. The tissue cultured cells showed no acute or chronic toxicity in mice or mutagenicity as shown in the Ames test or chromosome analysis of Chinese hamster cells. Ginseng produced by plant tissue culture was more effective at promoting gastrointestinal propulsion in mice than extract from field cultivated ginseng. Tissue cultured ginseng also provided significant inhibition of stomach ulcer formation whereas cultivated ginseng extract was not significantly different from control. “Cultured ginseng” was also more effective at increasing blood flow while decreasing heart rate and blood pressure. Other studies on plasma glucose levels, reduction of blood alcohol and a clinical study of reduced symptoms of diabetes mellitus are described.
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