Abstract
The development of renewable energy technologies is of global importance. To realize a sustainable society, fossil-resource-independent technologies, such as solar- and wind-power generation, should be widely adopted. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is one such potential renewable energy technology. PRO requires salt water and fresh water, both of which can be found at seawater desalination plants. The total power generation capacity of PRO, using concentrated seawater and fresh water, is 3 GW. A large amount of energy is required for seawater desalination; therefore, the introduction of renewable energy should be prioritized. Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., has been working on introducing PRO to seawater desalination plants since 2001 and is attracting attention for its ongoing PRO pilot plant with a scale of 460 m3/d, using concentrated seawater and treated sewage water. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of introducing PRO in existing desalination plants. The feasibility was examined based on technology, operation, and economy. Based on the number of seawater desalination plants in each country and the electricity charges, it was determined whether the introduction of PRO would be viable.
Highlights
Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., 10-2 Kawaguchi-Machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8108, Japan; Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Abstract: The development of renewable energy technologies is of global importance
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) system development is led by Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., in Japan, and Statkraft, in Norway [9,23,24,29]
PRO performance evaluation was conducted by using treated sewage water and concentrated seawater that is discharged into the sea from the sewage-treatment plant and Fukuoka Seawater Desalination Center in Japan, respectively, for over a year
Summary
PRO system development is led by Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., in Japan, and Statkraft, in Norway [9,23,24,29]. PRO performance evaluation was conducted by using treated sewage water and concentrated seawater that is discharged into the sea from the sewage-treatment plant and Fukuoka Seawater Desalination Center in Japan, respectively, for over a year This seawater desalination plant uses a mixed discharge system. In other words, concentrated seawater and treated sewage water are already mixed at a cost In this case, energy can be recovered by introducing PRO. The scale of water volume is 460 and 420 m3 /d for concentrated seawater and treated sewage, respectively Through this test, Kyowakiden Industry Co., Ltd., obtained a large amount of power generation (power density: 10 W/m2 ) and temperature changes due to seasonal variation (draw solution (DS), 2–38 ◦ C; feed solution (FS), 1–40 ◦ C) in the performance over the year. PRO to an existing seawater desalination plant, the system shown in Figure 4 can be widely used from the perspective of mixing RO-treated water with treated sewage water
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