Abstract
The importance of practical experience in the training of physicians has been recognized since the beginning of history and in every part of the world. The earliest efforts to control medical licensure and education developed requirements for this phase of the preparation of the physician. The edict of Frederick II in 1224, which was merely an elaboration of that promulgated by Roger II of Sicily in 1140, provided that no physician could be licensed until he had completed the examinations conducted by the masters at Salerno and had practiced under a recognized physician for one year. The medical training in Great Britain and France from the beginning has been developed around clinical clerking and other practical experience in the wards of the hospitals and in district dispensary teaching in such institutions as the University of Edinburgh. The long period of training in Sweden, Holland and Denmark is designed to permit
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