Abstract
It is pointed out that (1) the formation of bottom water and (2) net sinking of mass in high latitudes as part of the global scale vertical thermal circulation in the ocean are essentially distinct processes and not, as is often tacitly assumed, one and the same thing, even though both are at least partly driven by intense cooling of the ocean in high latitudes. It is further pointed out that very little is actually known either theoretically or observationally about the location or magnitude of the sinking that compensates for the upwelling that some authors have suggested occurs in the main thermocline. Technical errors in several previous contributions to the antarctic bottom water problem are discussed.
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