Abstract
Management of neonates and infants with critical aortic valve stenosis (AS) poses a significant challenge. The patients present with various degree of left ventricular dysfunction and endocardial fibroelastosis due to critical downstream obstruction, secondary pulmonary hypertension, and important additional lesions such as mitral valve dysplasia and aortic arch obstruction. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty has been a standard first intervention for these patients, but surgical intervention is needed when balloon valvuloplasty is ineffective or results in significant aortic insufficiency (AI).
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