Abstract
Commentary: Bettering BCG: a tough task for a TB vaccine?
Highlights
Multiple efforts have been undertaken to improve BCG but have had unsatisfactory results, these variations have largely been tested only in animal models of TB. These efforts have included: (i) recombinant BCG expressing cytokines, (ii) putative protective antigens derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and (iii) subunit antigens purported to add immunogenic “value” to BCG [1]
TB is a lung disease that occurs in the adult population, conducting a trial for booster vaccines may be more relevant in BCG-vaccinated adolescents (15+ years old)
When Rv3097c gene was expressed in M. fortuitum, mortality of mice infected with recombinant M. fortuitum increased to 100% compared to 25–30% with wild-type M. fortuitum infected mice
Summary
In an attempt to improve BCG, a modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A) was administered to previously BCG-vaccinated infants and young children in a clinical trial conducted in South Africa. The booster vaccine failed to protect vaccine recipients from infection with M. tuberculosis [2]. The results of this trial emphasize the need for identification of biomarkers that correlate with protection and active TB in young and adult human subjects, which should be the gold standard by which the efficacy of new vaccines are evaluated.
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