Abstract
We appreciate having the opportunity to comment on the well-motivated, highly informative and care fully constructed article by Imai, King and Nail (IKN). There has been a great deal of confusion over the years about the issue of pair-matching, often due to a con flation of the implications of design versus analysis choice. This article sheds light on the debate and of fers a set of helpful alternative analysis choices. Our discussion does not take issue with IKN's provocative assertion that one should pair-match in cluster randomized trials whenever feasible. Instead we will explore the trade-offs between using the infer ential framework advocated by IKN versus fitting fairly standard multilevel models (see, for instance, Gelman and Hill, 2007). The IKN design-based treatment effect estimators have the advantage of being simple to calculate and having better statistical properties in general than the harmonic mean estimator that IKN view to be the most
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