Abstract
A recent article (Ray, 1979) questioned whether forced-choice formats can attenuate social desirability response styles and attacked the California F scale with its accompanying construct of authoritarianism as ineffective in predicting and describing authoritarian behavior. The success of a forced-choice measure of machiavellianism casts doubt on Ray's first contention, while the approach of averaging measures of behavior over an increasing number of events suggests an alternative to the second. The demise of the forced-choice format and the authoritarian construct may be premature.
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