Abstract

Recycling of agricultural wastes to reduce mineral fertilizer input, in particular phosphorous (P), plays crucial role in sustainable agriculture production. Understanding the transformation of phosphorous (P) fractions and their bioavailability following soil application of different renewable P-contained fertilizers is very important for improving P use efficiency and reducing environmental risks. In this study, the effects of mineral P-fertilizer superphosphate and recycled P-fertilizers, i.e., poultry manure, cattle manure, maize straw and cattle bone meal, on their distribution to different soil P fractions, their transformation and the availability of soil P were determined by soil P sequential fractionation and 31P solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that addition of mineral P fertilizer, poultry manure and cattle manure increased P fixation in a red soil more than that in a fluvo-aquic soil. In both fluvo-aquic and red soils, cattle manure out-performed all other recycled P sources used in improving soil P availability. The concentration of Olsen-P in fluvo-aquic and red soils supplemented with cattle manure were increased by 41 %–380 % and 16 %–70 % than the other recycled P sources. A structural equation model (SEM) explained 95 % and 91 % of Olsen-P variation in fluvo-aquic and red soils, respectively. Labile P fractions had positive effects on Olsen-P of fluvo-aquic and red soils. 31P-NMR study showed that amount of orthophosphate was the main factor affecting the availability of P from different P sources. In summary, cattle manure was found to be a superior renewable source of P in improving bioavailable P in soil, and its use thus has considerable practical significance in P recycling.

Highlights

  • Sufficient supply of plant available phosphorus (P) in soil is critical for optimal growth and high yields of crops (Haslam et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019)

  • During 0-70 days of incubation, the Olsen-P concentration of SSP, poultry manure (PM) and cattle manure (CM) enriched fluvo-aquic soil has increased by 538 %, 236 % and 374 % compared with CK in average, respectively

  • In SSP, PM, and CM enriched red soil, the Olsen-P concentration was increased by 80 %, 41 % and 63 % compared with CK in average during

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Summary

Introduction

Sufficient supply of plant available phosphorus (P) in soil is critical for optimal growth and high yields of crops (Haslam et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019). Could reduce P inputs globally (Qaswar et al, 2020; Guan et al, 2020; Ylivainio et al, 2008; Kaikake et al, 2009; Mortola et al, 2019) To this end, understanding the transformation of soil P fractions and its bioavailability following agricultural waste recycling is important for improving crop P utilization, P fertilizer management and reducing environmental risks. Organic fertilizers contain a variety of P compounds, including a large proportion of orthophosphate (Lin et al, 2015; Liang et al, 2017) It affect soil P dynamics by changing its P adsorption capacity (Gatiboni et al, 2019; Barnett, 1994). Compared with mineral P, cattle manure application increases the content of moderately labile P, microbial biomass and microbial activity of soil, which facilitate the provision of plant available P for a longer period (Braos et al, 2020; Neufeld et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2018). It is necessary to identify and quantify P fractions from different P sources and their distribution in soil P fraction to determine the potential bioavailability and the environmental impact of

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