Abstract
Sustainable management of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus remains an urgent challenge, as interactions between WEF and community sensitivity and reservoir operation in water system are often neglected. This paper aims to provide a new approach for modeling WEF nexus by incorporating community sensitivity and reservoirs operation into the system. The co-evolution behaviors of the nexus across water, energy, food and society (WEFS) were simulated by the system dynamic model. The reservoirs operation was simulated to determine water supply for energy and food systems by the Interactive River-Aquifer Simulation water resources allocations model. Shortage rates for water, energy and food resulted from the simulations were used to qualify their impacts on WEFS nexus through environmental awareness (EA) in society system. Community sensitivity indicated by EA can adjust the co-evolution behaviors of WEFS nexus through feedback loops. The proposed approach was applied to the mid-lower reaches of Hanjiang river basin in China as a case study. Results show that EA accumulation is mainly from shortages of water and energy, and the available water and energy are the vital resources to sustain WEFS nexus. Feedback driven by EA effectively keeps the system from collapsing and contributes to the concordant development of WEFS nexus. Water resources allocation can remarkably ensure water supply through reservoirs operation, decreasing water shortage rate from 16.60 % to 7.53 %. The resource constraining the WEFS nexus is transferred from water to energy. This paper therefore contributes to the understanding of interactions across WEFS system and helps the efficiency improving of resources management.
Highlights
Community sensitivity indicated by environmental awareness (EA) can adjust the co-evolution 26 behaviors of WEFS nexus through feedback loops
The System dynamics modelling (SDM) is applied to the mid-lower reaches of Hanjiang river basin
The co-evolutionary behaviors of the WEFS nexus are analyzed: (1) the system dynamic model is validated by observed data, (2) the co-evolution of WEFS nexus is interpreted and analyzed, (3) parameter sensitivity is tested to identify the most important parameters for the model and (4) the impacts of water resources allocation on WEFS nexus are discussed
Summary
Energy and food are indispensable resources to sustain the development of society. Urbanization, globalization and economy, the expected global demands for water, food and energy in 2030 are going to increase by. The resources scarcity will be exacerbated with the single-sector strategy in traditional water, energy and food management (El Gafy et al, 2017). To increase the resource use efficiencies and benefits in production and consumption, taking the inextricable interactions among sectors across water, energy and food into rational resources management has become an important strategy (Hsiao et al, 2007; Vörösmarty et al, 2000). To quantify the interaction in WEF nexus, various methods have been proposed for integrated systems. There are mainly three types of methods: system of systems model (Eusgeld et al, 2011; Housh et al, 2015), agent-based model (Bonabeau, 2002; Dawson et al, 2011) and system dynamics model (El Gafy, 2014; Swanson, 2002)
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