Abstract
With an increase in the number of natural processes represented, global land surface models (LSMs) have become more and more accurate in representing natural terrestrial ecosystems. However, they are still limited, especially in the representation of the impact of agriculture on land surface variables. This is particularly true for agro-hydrological processes related to a strong human control on freshwater. While most LSMs consider natural processes only, the development of human-related processes, e.g. crop phenology and irrigation in LSMs, is key. In this study we present the implementation of a new irrigation scheme in the ISBA (Interaction between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere) LSM. This highly flexible scheme is designed to account for various configurations and can be applied at different spatial scales. For each vegetation type within a model grid cell, three irrigation systems can be used at the same time. A limited number of parameters are used to control (1) the amount of water used for irrigation, (2) irrigation triggering (based on the soil moisture stress) and (3) crop seasonality (emergence, harvesting). After a presentation of the simulations of the new scheme at a plot scale, an evaluation is proposed over Nebraska (USA). This region is chosen for its high irrigation density and because independent observations of irrigation practices can be used to verify the simulated irrigation amounts. The ISBA simulations with and without the irrigation scheme are compared to different satellite-based observations. The comparison shows that the irrigation scheme improves the simulated vegetation variables such as leaf area index and gross primary productivity and other variables largely impacted by irrigation such as evapotranspiration and land surface temperature. In addition to a better representation of land surface processes, the results point to potential applications of this new version of the ISBA model for water resource monitoring and climate change impact studies.
Highlights
Amongst the global water withdrawal from rivers, reservoirs and groundwater, the share used for agriculture is estimated to reach 69 % on average, with some regional heterogeneity - over 90 % in 35 some regions (Hoekstra and Mekonnen, 2012, FAO, 2014)
In this study we present the implementation of a new irrigation scheme in the ISBA (Interaction between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere) land surface models (LSMs)
The results presented below are focused on the impacts of the crop phenology and irrigation implementation on the simulated land surface variables over Nebraska
Summary
Amongst the global water withdrawal from rivers, reservoirs and groundwater, the share used for agriculture is estimated to reach 69 % on average, with some regional heterogeneity - over 90 % in 35 some regions (Hoekstra and Mekonnen, 2012, FAO, 2014) This amount of water is likely to increase in the future in relation to climate warming and population growth (United Nations et al, 2019, Field et al, 2014). Water vapour originating 50 from large scale irrigation water supply can be recycled to rainfall and affect non-irrigated areas (Moore and Rojstaczer, 2002; DeAngelis et al, 2010; Carrillo-Guerrero et al, 2013; Harding et al, 2013) It can affect the dynamics of the monsoon (Douglas et al, 2006; Saeed et al, 2009; Shukla et al, 2014) and influence climate at both regional and global scales (Sacks et al, 2009; Puma and Cook, 2010).
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