Abstract

Experiment outputs are now available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project’s 6th phase (CMIP6) and the past climate experiments defined in the Model Intercomparison Project’s 4th phase (PMIP4). All of this output is freely available from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). Yet there are overheads in analysing this resource that may prove complicated or prohibitive. Here we document the steps taken by ourselves to produce ensemble analyses covering past and future simulations. We outline the strategy used to curate, adjust the monthly calendar aggregation and process the information downloaded from the ESGF. The results of these steps were used to perform analysis for several of the initial publications arising from PMIP4. We provide post-processed fields for each simulation, such as climatologies and common measures of variability. Example scripts used to visualise and analyse these fields is provided for several important case studies.

Highlights

  • 10 Paleoclimate modelling has long been used to understand the mechanisms of past climate changes, and has served as a tool to test the out-of-sample boundary conditions and forcings like high atmospheric CO2 concentration that are used in future climate change projections (e.g. Harrison et al, 2014, 2015; Schmidt et al, 2014)

  • The Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project, in its fourth phase (PMIP4; Kageyama et al, 2018) is a project endorsed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6; Eyring et al, 2016), which aims to analyse and understand the differences between model simulations

  • Each model participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project’s 6th phase (CMIP6) has uploaded upload their DECK and historical simulations onto the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF; Balaji et al, 2018, available at https://esgfnode.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/) in the standard format as required by the CMIP6 Data Request (Juckes et al, 2020)

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Summary

Introduction

10 Paleoclimate modelling has long been used to understand the mechanisms of past climate changes, and has served as a tool to test the out-of-sample boundary conditions and forcings like high atmospheric CO2 concentration that are used in future climate change projections (e.g. Harrison et al, 2014, 2015; Schmidt et al, 2014). The Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project, in its fourth phase (PMIP4; Kageyama et al, 2018) is a project endorsed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6; Eyring et al, 2016), which aims to analyse and understand the differences between model simulations. PMIP4 has been updated from its earlier phase PMIP3 (Braconnot et al, 2012) by including additional past warm periods (Fig. 1) and running improved forcings and boundary conditions by the new generation of climate models (Kageyama et al, 2018; Eyring et al, 2016). The midHolocene and lig127k experiments are Tier 1 PMIP4-CMIP6 simulations (Fig. 1); designed to examine the model response to changes in the Earth’s orbit in periods when the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations were similar to the preindustrial level and the topographies were similar to modern.

Curating and Collating PMIP4 output
Plotting post-processed outputs
Interactive Application
Example Uses
Plotting spatial patterns
Plotting oceanic patterns – the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Plotting time series
Computing statistics
Findings
Summary
Full Text
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