Abstract
<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The warming of the Arctic climate is well documented, but the mechanisms of Arctic amplification are still not fully understood. Thus, monitoring of glaciological and meteorological variables and the environmental response to accelerated climate warming must be continued and developed in Svalbard. Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. This study presents glaciological and meteorological data collected for 2009â2020 in southern Spitsbergen (Werenskioldbreen). The meteorological data are composed of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, short-wave and long-wave upwelling and downwelling radiation on 10âmin, hourly and daily resolution (2009â2020). The snow dataset includes 49 data records from 2009 to 2019 with the snow depth, snow bulk density and snow water equivalent data. The glaciological data consist of seasonal and annual surface mass balance measurements (point and glacier-wide) for 2009â2020. The paper also includes modelling of the daily glacier surface ablation (2009â2020) based on the presented data. The datasets are expected to serve as local forcing data in hydrological and glaciological models as well as validation of calibration of remote sensing products. The datasets are available from the Polish Polar Database (<span class="uri">https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/</span>, last access: 24 May 2022) and Zenodo (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6528321">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6528321</a>, Ignatiuk, 2021a; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792168">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792168</a>, Ignatiuk, 2021b).
Highlights
Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment
The hottest max air temperature ever was recorded on July 25th, 2020: 21.7°C and 16.5°C at Svalbard Airport and the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, respectively (SIOS data 35 access portal https://sios-svalbard.org/, Meteorological bulletin Spitsbergen-Hornsund, https://hornsund.igf.edu.pl/weather/)
Two digital elevation models (DEM) with geoidal height (EGM2008) were used, one generated from SPOT image acquired on 1 September 2008 (Ignatiuk et al, 2014) and Pleiades high-resolution images taken on 20 August 2017 (Błaszczyk et al, 2019)
Summary
Long-term meteorological observations carried out in situ on glaciers in conjunction with glaciological monitoring are rare in the Arctic and significantly expand our knowledge about processes in the polar environment. While the summer of 2021 was colder and the minimal Arctic sea ice extent significantly larger, acceleration of the climate warming trend is proved despite interannual variations (Hanssen-Bauer et al, 2019). Such acceleration causes significant changes in the cryosphere of Svalbard and is reflected in the faster melting of glaciers and thawing of 40 the permafrost. This study presents the unique Arctic 45 glaciological and meteorological data collected in 2009-2020 in southern Spitsbergen
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