Abstract
In the last years several human commensals have emerged from the gut microbiota studies as potential probiotics or therapeutic agents. Strains of human gut inhabitants such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides, or Faecalibacterium have shown several interesting bioactivities and are thus currently being considered as food supplements or as live biotherapeutics, as is already the case with other human commensals such as bifidobacteria. The large-scale use of these bacteria will pose many challenges and drawbacks mainly because they are quite sensitive to oxygen and/or very difficult to cultivate. This review highlights the properties of some of the most promising human commensals bacteria and summarizes the most up-to-date knowledge on their potential health effects. A comprehensive outlook on the potential strategies currently employed and/or available to produce, stabilize, and deliver these microorganisms is also presented.
Highlights
In the last years the knowledge about the human microbiota and its role in health and disease has advanced considerably
In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the different strategies to produce, stabilize, and deliver anaerobic commensals with special emphasis on the associated impact on Commensal Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria and Health stability and biological activity
Among the most studied species of bifidobacteria, B. animalis subsp. lactis is considered oxygen tolerant, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum are oxygen-sensitive while B. longum subsp. infantis and B. adolescentis are considered oxygen-hypersensitive (Kawasaki et al, 2018)
Summary
In the last years the knowledge about the human microbiota and its role in health and disease has advanced considerably This advance has revived the interest on the use of naturally occurring bacteria from the human gut as therapeutic agents or as probiotics. The human gut microbiota studies have highlighted other species of commensals which are consistently under-represented in different disease conditions Commensal bacteria such as Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium have been shown to exert relevant bioactivities, mainly in cell and animal models, and may be considered nextgeneration probiotics or live therapeutic products (O’Toole et al, 2017). The latter aspects are extremely important to be explored as the commensal microorganisms are usually strict anaerobes posing immediate challenges associated therewith
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