Abstract
Fieldwork done in the late 1980s shows that !Kung San are living in settled villages with subsistence based on stock keeping, gardening, government distribution of surplus foods, foraging, and in some cases, employment by neighboring cattle-keeping groups. The !Kung villages differ in the degree of dependence on Bantu neighbors. Four village types are distinguished. The least and most dependent villages contrast on several measures including size of the ethnic !Kung population, adult sex ratio, percent of individuals of mixed parentage, and the availability of primary kin.
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