Abstract
The development of compression ignition engines depends mainly on using alternative fuels, such as alcohols. The paper presents the results of tests of a stationary compression ignition engine fueled with mixtures of diesel oil and n-butanol with an energy share from 0 to 60%. The combustion and emission results of a dual-fuel engine were compared to a conventional diesel-only engine. As part of the work, the combustion process, including changes in pressure and heat release rate, as well as exhaust emissions from the test engine, were investigated. The main operational parameters of the engine were determined, including mean indicated pressure, thermal efficiency and specific energy consumption. Moreover, the stability of the engine operation was analyzed. The research shows that the 60% addition of n-butanol to diesel fuel increases the ignition delay (by 39%) and shortens the combustion duration (by 57%). In addition, up to 40%, it results in increased pmax, HRRmax and PPRmax. The engine was characterized by the highest efficiency, equal to 41.35% when operating on DB40. In the whole range of alcohol content, the dual-fuel engine was stable. With the increase of n-butanol content to 40%, the emission of NOx increased. The lowest concentration of CO was obtained during the combustion of DB50. After the initial increase (for DB20), the THC emission was reduced to the lowest value for DB40. Increasing the energy share of alcohol to 60% resulted in a significant, more than 43 times, reduction in soot emissions.
Highlights
Ecological considerations suggest that the diesel oil used so far in diesel engines should be replaced with biofuels, i.e., renewable fuels
Experimental studies of combustion of mixtures of diesel fuel with n-butanol, focusing on the analysis of the pressure course in the engine cylinder (p), the heat release rate (HRR) and the pressure increase rate (PPR); Determination of the basic parameters characterizing the operational properties of the engine, i.e., indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), indicated thermal efficiency (ITE), specific energy consumption (SEC); Evaluation of the stability of the engine co-combusting diesel oil with n-butanol based on the coefficient of variation of the mean indicated effective pressure (COVIMEP ) and the probability density of the occurrence of the mean indicated pressure (ΦIMEP ); The analysis of the exhaust emissions of the engine fueled with diesel oil/n-butanol mixtures, including the emissions of NOx, THC, CO, CO2, soot
The pressure measurement has an error depending on the piezoelectric pressure sensor error, the charge amplifier error and the error of the A/D card used for recording and acquisition of measurement data
Summary
The search for alternative fuels for diesel engines has been the subject of research for many years and is continuously carried out by both car concerns and research centers worldwide. Due to their high thermal efficiency, reliability, fuel economy and reliability, diesel engines are widely used in transport and various types of industrial production systems [1]. Conventional combustion of diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine is regulated by the diffusion combustion process generating high emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot, combustion products harmful to human health and the environment [3]. Ecological considerations suggest that the diesel oil used so far in diesel engines should be replaced with biofuels, i.e., renewable fuels. Replacing diesel fuel with alcohols applies to both traction car engines and stationary industrial engines
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