Abstract
Pterocarpus indicus is a plant commonly found in Indonesia and it produces wastes from its leaves falling. Earlier investigation indicated that transforming these leaves into briquette could clean them and provide a new source of energy. However, the use of tapioca as binding agent in the previous study may be criticized for affecting the food availability as it is edible. To solve this issue, tapioca is substituted with rejected papaya. The briquette was then investigated to find out the best manufacturing parameters and its viability as a sustainable fuel. The optimum ratio of Ptercarpus indicus leaves waste and rejected papaya, which yield calorific value of 4338.79 Kcal/kg, is found to be 95% and 5%, respectively. Proximate and ultimate analyses corroborate the use of this briquette. Investigation of four combustion parameters (ignition time, flame temperature, combustion rate, and burning time) indicates that the best briquette is manufactured with biomass of 60 mesh size or 250 urn and compacted with hydraulic pressure of 2 MPa.
Highlights
The increase of the overall human population reduces the supply of available fossil fuel [1,2]
The results suggested that briquette made of 95% Pterocarpus indicus leaves waste and 5% rejected papaya has the highest calorific value
Summary The result of this study suggests that briquette manufactured with ratio of Pterocarpus indicus leaves wastes and rejected papaya of 95% and 5%, respectively, yields the highest calorific value of 4338.79 Kcal/kg
Summary
The increase of the overall human population reduces the supply of available fossil fuel [1,2]. This situation promotes the development of modern sustainable fuels. General process of using energy residing in the biomass is by directly combusting it [6]. It is crucial for the biomass to be processed as to decrease its water content. Another weakness of the direct combustion is in logistic. The disadvantages of directly combusting the biomass can be solved by turning them into briquette, which has better energy and bulk density, better heating value, better energy properties, and less water.
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