Abstract
ABSTRACT In recent years, studies have examined the use of lignocellulosic wastes for energy generation. However, there is a lack of information on the combustibility of the residual biomass, especially the bark and charcoal of babassu nut. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to achieve the following objectives: to evaluate the combustion of the residual biomass from the babassu nut; to evaluate the combustion of charcoal produced from this biomass, considering different final carbonization temperatures; and to determine the effect of the final carbonization temperature on the thermal stability of charcoal and on its performance in combustion. Thermal analyses were performed in synthetic air. In order to evaluate the characteristics of charcoal combustion and fresh biomass, the ignition temperature (Ti), the burnout temperature (Tf), characteristic combustion index (S), ignition index (Di), time corresponding to the maximum combustion rate (tp), and ignition time (tig) were considered. The combustion of the babassu nutshell occurred in three phases and it was observed that this lignocellulosic material is suitable for the direct generation of heat. The increase in the final carbonization temperature caused an increase in the ignition temperature, as well as in the burnout temperature, the ignition time and the time corresponding to the maximum combustion rate. The results indicate that the increase in the carbonization temperature causes a decrease in combustion reactivity and, consequently, the charcoals produced at lower temperatures are easier to ignite and exhibit better performance in ignition.
Highlights
Wood is used as a bioenergy source by either direct complete combustion or the conversion into various biofuels by means of specific routes
It is observed that the ignition temperature (Ti) of babassu nutshell was 240.35°C and the burnout temperature (Tf) was 433.86°C (Figure 2)
Sahu et al (2010) evaluated the ignition of the pyrolyzed rice husk at 450°C and found de ignição (Di) rate of 3.54 x 103 % min-3, lower than what was found for the fresh biomass babassu nut
Summary
Wood is used as a bioenergy source by either direct complete combustion or the conversion into various biofuels by means of specific routes. In recent years, researchers have examined the use of lignocellulosic wastes for this purpose, because those plant materials feature organic compounds that can be oxidized and generate energy in a sustainable and efficient manner. Studies on the use of alternatives biomass, for example, the babassu nut waste, have great potential to be used for energy generation (PROTÁSIO et al, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c; REIS et al, 2015). Babassu nutshell showed a high basic density and a suitable lignin content for the sustainable production of bioenergy and charcoal (PROTÁSIO et al, 2014a). There is a lack of information on the combustibility of residual biomass, especially the bark and charcoal of babassu nut
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