Abstract
In the next decade, due to the desire for significant reduction in the carbon footprint left by the aviation sector and the development of a sustainable alternatives to petroleum, fuel from renewable sources will play an increasing role as a propellant for turbine aircraft engines. Currently, apart from five types of jet fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons that are certified by the ASTM D7566 standard, there is yet another synthetic blending component that is at the stage of testing and certification. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids enable the production of a synthetic component for jet fuel from any form of native fat or oil. Used feedstock affects the final synthetic blending component composition and consequently the properties of the blend for jet fuel and, as a result, the operation of turbine engines. A specialized laboratory test rig with a miniature turbojet engine was used for research, which is an interesting alternative to complex and expensive tests with full scale turbine engines. The results of this study revealed the differences in the parameters of engine performance and emission characteristics between tested fuels with synthetic blending components and neat jet fuel. The synthetic blending component was obtained from two different feedstock. Noticeable changes were obtained for fuel consumption, CO and NOx emissions. With the addition of the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) component, the fuel consumption and CO emissions decrease. The opposite trend was observed for NOx emission. The tests presented in this article are a continuation of the authors’ research area related to alternative fuels for aviation.
Highlights
IntroductionAmong which carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is the most significant greenhouse gas (GHG), which boosts climate change
Aircraft engines emit pollutants, among which carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is the most significant greenhouse gas (GHG), which boosts climate change
The aim of this study is the performance and emissions characteristics of a small scale turbojet engine fed with Jet A-1/hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) blending component obtained from camelina and used cooking oil (UCO)
Summary
Among which carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is the most significant greenhouse gas (GHG), which boosts climate change. The aviation industry is responsible for approx. 2% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions worldwide [1]. Non-CO2 emissions of jet fuel combustion (vapor trail, nitrous oxide and soot aerosols) raise the contribution of aviation to climate change up to 4.9% [2]. International Air Transport Association (IATA), the global airlines trade association, adopted ambitious targets to mitigate CO2 emissions. There has been an average improvement in fuel efficiency of 1.5% per year from 2009 to 2020, carbon-neutral growth from 2020 and a halving of emissions by 2050 relative to 2005 levels [3]. The widespread use of fuels from renewable sources is a key measure to meet the set assumptions
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