Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Combretum quadrangulare (C. quadrangulare) is used as a traditional medicine to improve various pathologies in Southeast Asia. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. quadrangulare ethanol extract (CQ) on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD like skin lesions in BALB/c mice. After administration with CQ (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, AD symptoms, protein expression, immunoglobulin E (IgE), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and ceramidase level were measured in skin lesions of DNCB-induced BALB/c mice. CQ group improved the dermatitis score, skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin hydration. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that CQ attenuated the increased epidermal thickness and infiltration of mast cells caused by DNCB. CQ also increased the expression of filaggrin, and reduced the expression of ceramidase, serum IgE level, and the number of eosinophils. CQ effectively inhibited cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-13, TARC, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) at the mRNA levels, as well as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in the skin lesions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CQ may be an effective treatment of AD-like skin lesions by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators via the MAPK signaling pathways.
Highlights
Combretum, the type genus of the family Combretaceae, comprises about 370 species of trees and shrubs and distributed in Africa and Asia [1,2]
We investigated for the first time the effect of Combretum quadrangulare ethanol extract (CQ) on Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced BALB/c mice
The dried leaves and stems of C. quadrangulare KURZ were extracted with 50% EtOH and analyzed using HPLC-DAD chromatogram (254 nm)
Summary
The type genus of the family Combretaceae, comprises about 370 species of trees and shrubs and distributed in Africa and Asia [1,2]. One of them is Combretum quadrangulare (C. quadrangulare). C. quadrangulare has been used as an herbal medicine antipyretic, antidysenteric, and anthelmintic agent in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand. It is known to have antibacterial activity, cytotoxic, and anti-HIV activity [1,3,4]. The plant and compounds isolated from C. quadrangulare extract were reported hepatoprotective activity in primary cultures mouse hepatocytes and D-GalN/LPS induced mouse model experiments [5,6]. There is Molecules 2020, 25, 2003; doi:10.3390/molecules25082003 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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