Abstract
Phase-sensitive X-ray imaging shows a high sensitivity towards electron density variations, making it well suited for imaging of soft tissue matter. However, there are still open questions about the details of the image formation process. Here, a framework for numerical simulations of phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is presented, which takes both particle- and wave-like properties of X-rays into consideration. A split approach is presented where we combine a Monte Carlo method (MC) based sample part with a wave optics simulation based propagation part, leading to a framework that takes both particle- and wave-like properties into account. The framework can be adapted to different phase-sensitive imaging methods and has been validated through comparisons with experiments for grating interferometry and propagation-based imaging. The validation of the framework shows that the combination of wave optics and MC has been successfully implemented and yields good agreement between measurements and simulations. This demonstrates that the physical processes relevant for developing a deeper understanding of scattering in the context of phase-sensitive imaging are modelled in a sufficiently accurate manner. The framework can be used for the simulation of phase-sensitive X-ray imaging, for instance for the simulation of grating interferometry or propagation-based imaging.
Highlights
IntroductionA wide variety of techniques for phase-sensitive X-ray imaging have been developed
In recent years, a wide variety of techniques for phase-sensitive X-ray imaging have been developed
We have developed a framework for the simulation of phasesensitive X-ray imaging which takes into account both particle- and wave-like properties of the X-rays by combining MC with wave optics simulation
Summary
A wide variety of techniques for phase-sensitive X-ray imaging have been developed. Crystal interferometry (Bonse & Hart, 1965; Momose et al, 1996) has a high sensitivity to phase variations, but is limited with respect to field of view. Analyser-based imaging (Davis et al, 1995; Stampanoni et al, 2002; Modregger et al, 2007) has a larger field of view, but requires a monochromatic beam. Phase propagation imaging (Cloetens et al, 1996; Snigirev et al, 1995) offers the advantage of a comparably simple experimental set-up and the possibility to acquire high-resolution images at high speed. A phase-sensitive imaging technique which exploits absorption, phase and dark-field contrast is grating-based hard X-ray interferometry (GI) (Momose et al, 2003; David et al, 2002). GI has been shown to have a high sensitivity to electron density variations, making it
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