Combining Microwave Pretreatment with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enhanced Biogas and Hydrogen Yield from Green Algae

Asad A Zaidi,Adil Malik,Asad J Bhutta,Yue Shi,Ahmer H Shah,Ruizhe Feng,Sohaib Z Khan

doi:10.3390/pr7010024

Abstract

The available energy can be effectively upgraded by adopting smart energy conversion measures. The biodegradability of biomass can be improved by employing pretreatment techniques; however, such methods result in reduced energy efficiency. In this study, microwave (MW) irradiation is used for green algae (Enteromorpha) pretreatment in combination with iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) which act as a heterogeneous catalyst during anaerobic digestion process for biogas enhancement. Batch-wise anaerobic digestion was carried out. The results showed that MW pretreatment and its combination with Fe3O4 NPs produced highest yields of biogas and hydrogen as compared to the individual ones and control. The biogas amount and hydrogen % v/v achieved by MW pretreatment + Fe3O4 NPs group were 328 mL and 51.5%, respectively. The energy analysis indicated that synergistic application of MW pretreatment with Fe3O4 NPs produced added energy while consuming less input energy than MW pretreatment alone. The kinetic parameters of the reaction were scientifically evaluated by using modified Gompertz and Logistic function model for each experimental case. MW pretreatment + Fe3O4 NPs group improved biogas production potential and maximum biogas production rate.

Highlights

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbial-mediated process which is widely used for the conversion of complex organic waste to renewable energy in the form of biogas [1]
The maximum total biogas yield of 328 Measured Biogas Yield (mL) was achieved by MW pretreatment + Fe3 O4 NPs group
The experimental data of these results are further modeled via modified Gompertz and Logistic function model

Summary

Introduction

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbial-mediated process which is widely used for the conversion of complex organic waste to renewable energy in the form of biogas [1]. The organic matter conversion to biogas follow four main conversion phases namely; hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis [2]. During the hydrolysis stage complex polymeric organic matter including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats transform into simple organic monomers by the action of hydrolytic bacteria. The monomers such as sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids are converted into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) under the action of fermentative bacteria during the second stage called.

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