Combining cobalt ferrite and graphite with cellulose nanocrystals for magnetically active and electrically conducting mesoporous nanohybrids

Abstract

Free-standing mesoporous membranes based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are fabricated upon the incorporation of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and graphite nanoparticles at concentrations up to 20 wt % through a soft-templating process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms reveal the development of highly-porous interconnected random 3D structure with surface areas up to 193.9 m2 g−1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows an enhanced thermal stability thanks to the formation of a tortuous network limiting the hindrance of degradation by-products. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) reveals a maximum magnetization saturation of 8.77 emu·g−1 with materials having either ferromagnetic or diamagnetic behaviour upon the incorporation of CoFe2O4 and graphite, respectively. Four-point-probe measurements display a maximum electrical conductivity of 9.26 ± 0.04 S·m−1 when graphite is incorporated into CNCs. A proof of concept for the applicability of synthesized nanohybrids for environmental remediation is provided, presenting the advantage of their easy recovery using external magnetic fields.