Abstract

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to estimate the combinatorial capacity and heterosis of eggplant hybrids under high temperature conditions. Seven genitors, twelve hybrid combinations, originated from a partial diallel, and the Ciça F1 hybrid, as control, were evaluated. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in randomized block design with four replications, from April to December 2017. The assessed traits related to high temperatures were pollen viability (PV) and fruit fixation index (FFI); the morphoagronomic traits were number of fruits per plant (NFP), fruit weight (FWe), production per plant (PP), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FWi), fruit length/width ratio (FLWR) and plant height (PH). The variance analysis showed greater participation of the additive gene effects in relation to the non-additive gene effects in most traits, except for PV. The genitors CNPH 141, CNPH 135, CNPH 109 and CNPH 51 stood out with favorable gene effects to obtain genotypes tolerant to high temperatures, since they present good general combining ability (GCA) for the traits FFI, NFP and PP. The 1x4 and 3x4 hybrids presented positive estimates for both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA), demonstrating a greater potential to be used in breeding to increase the FFI, NFP and PP, under high temperatures. The 1x4, 1x5 and 1x6 hybrids expressed positive heterosis for most analyzed traits. The 1x4 hybrid stood out for the highest averages for PV, FFI, NFP and PP. For FWe, FL, FWi and FLWR, both positive and negative heterosis were observed, as consequence of the phenotypic variability of the genitors for these traits and suggests the possibility of selection for different sizes and formats.

Highlights

  • Capacidade combinatória e heterose em híbridos de berinjela sob altas temperaturas Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a capacidade combinatória e a heterose de híbridos de berinjela em condições de altas temperaturas

  • Group 1 consisted of the genitors CNPH 135, CNPH109 and CNPH 47 and group 2 consisted of the genitors CNPH 141, CNPH 60, CNPH 53 and CNPH 51

  • We evaluated traits related to high temperatures: pollen viability (PV) and fruit fixation index (FFI); and other morphoagronomic traits: number of fruits per plant (NFP), fruit weight (FWe), production per plant (PP), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FWi), fruit length/width ratio (FLWR) and plant height (PH)

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Summary

Introduction

Capacidade combinatória e heterose em híbridos de berinjela sob altas temperaturas Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a capacidade combinatória e a heterose de híbridos de berinjela em condições de altas temperaturas. Os genitores CNPH 141, CNPH 135, CNPH 109 e CNPH 51 destacaram-se com efeitos gênicos favoráveis para obtenção de genótipos tolerantes a altas temperaturas, por apresentar boa capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) para os caracteres FFI, NFP e PP. Os híbridos 1x4 e 3x4 apresentaram estimativas positivas tanto para CGC, quanto para capacidade específica de combinação (CEC), demonstrando maior potencial de uso em cruzamentos para incremento do FFI, NFP e PP, sob altas temperaturas. In northeastern Brazil, especially when flowering coincides with the hottest period of the year, high temperatures have been a limiting factor for productivity, increasing the occurrence of malformation and/or fruit abortion, especially on crops under greenhouse conditions, where internal temperatures are higher than the outside one, causing a considerable reduction on crop yield in the region (Valadares et al, 2019). It is important that high temperature tolerant eggplant strains and hybrids are obtained and evaluated under such conditions

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