Combining an Intensive Green Roof with Seismic Retrofitting of Typical Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Israel.

Svetlana Pushkar,Ido Halperin,Yuri Ribakov

doi:10.3390/ma15030889

Svetlana Pushkar, Ido Halperin + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030889

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Abstract

This study suggests an intensive green roof as part of a sustainable and hazard-resistant conceptual design for the retrofitting of old buildings in Israel. The roof is suggested to be built with waste-based materials. A five-story reinforced concrete residential building was retrofitted with: Case 1: concrete wall strengthening (CWS)-conventional concrete + conventional green roof; Case 2: CWS-waste-included concrete + waste-based green roof; Case 3: seismic isolation columns (SIC)-conventional concrete + conventional green roof; and Case 4: SIC-waste-included concrete + waste-based green roof. Palekastro, Nuweiba, Tabas, and Erzincan ground motions were used for a structural dynamic time-history analysis of the retrofitted buildings. Life cycle assessments of cases 1–4 were performed using ReCiPe 2016 midpoint and endpoint evaluations. A two-stage analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the ReCiPe endpoint results. According to the seismic results, Case 3 and Case 4 were much more preferable to Case 1 and Case 2, whereas according to the environmental evaluations, Case 4 was the most preferable to the other cases.

Highlights

Nowadays, the seismic retrofitting of old buildings toward their improved hazardresistant design is an important issue in many countries
This study evaluated seismic and environmental performances of four retrofitting methods: Case 1: concrete wall strengthening (CWS)-conventional concrete + conventional green roof, Case 2: CWS-waste-included concrete + waste-based green roof, Case 3: seismic isolation columns (SIC)-conventional concrete + conventional green roof, and Case 4: SIC-waste-included concrete + waste-based green roof
Incorporation of an intensive green roof, as an environmental enhancement that is incorporated into the seismic design of such typical buildings in Israel, can be considered as a positive measure

Summary

Introduction

The seismic retrofitting of old buildings toward their improved hazardresistant design is an important issue in many countries. According to Tama 38, building practitioners should add reinforced concrete (RC) stiffening elements to the retrofitted structure [2]. Except for this conventional method, there are certain modern retrofitting methods which are expected to supersede the older ones. In addition to the improved seismic capacity they provide, the environmental performance of retrofitting methods has become a very pressing issue. This is because they are based on concrete and steel, whose production might significantly harm the environment. The production of 1 kg of Portland cement and 1 kg of steel can release 0.833 and 1.106 kg CO2-equivalent, respectively, thereby increasing the global warming potential (GWP) [5]

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