Combining ability of superior cacao clones for assembling high productivity and disease resistant cocoa

Rubiyo Rubiyo,Nicho Nurdebyandaru,C Indrawanto

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202130601052

Rubiyo Rubiyo, Nicho Nurdebyandaru + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130601052

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Abstract

This research aimed to determine the potentiality of P1 and P2 as parents to produce superior strains of hybrid cacao by estimating general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability from crossed diallel among high yielding parents which are resistant to P. palmivora. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Sumber Asin, Malang, East Java, from 2010 to 2018. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of 10 hybrids and 5 parents so that the treatment used 15 genotypes. Each treatment consisted of 12 plants in triplicates. Resistance test on parents and F1 showed that all crossed combination strains were infected by pod rot disease (P. palmivora) with various intensity. The highest disease intensity was a strain combination of DR 1 x ICS 13 and the lowest one was ICS 13 and SCa 6. All crossed combination strains in the field had not shown symptoms of any pest infection. Cacao clones that have low GCA value based on the disease intensity were TSH 858, ICCRI 3 and SCa 6. These clones have the potential to be used in the assembly of disease-resistant and high-yielding cocoa hybrids in the future.

Highlights

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the estate commodities that has an important role in the Indonesian economy
The result of the resistance test of parental and F1 in the laboratory showed that all the combined strains were infected with pod rot disease with varying disease intensity
The highest disease intensity occurred on a strain combination resulting from DR 1 x ICS 13 parental crossing and the lowest was a combination from crossing ICS 13 and Sca 6

Summary

Introduction

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the estate commodities that has an important role in the Indonesian economy. Until 2020, the total area of cacao plantations reached 1,582,406 ha or decrease by 1.14% compared to 2019. Between 2011-2020, the average contribution of the cacao area was dominated by smallholder plantations, around 97.06% per year. This indicates that cacao still plays an important role both as a source of employment and income for farmers. The Ministry of Agriculture, through the Directorate General of Estate Crop will increase the area of cacao land by 740 ha and cacao seeds with the 2020 Plantation Area Development Program [2]

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