Combining ability for resistance to Fusarium wilt and yield in black bean

Mário Henrique Rodrigues Mendes Torres,Leonardo Cunha Melo,Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira De Souza,Helton Santos Pereira

doi:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02591

Mário Henrique Rodrigues Mendes Torres, Leonardo Cunha Melo + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02591

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Abstract

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and to select parents and segregating populations with high resistance to Fusarium wilt, high yield, and greater 100-seed weight (100SW), using a partial diallel cross. Twenty-five populations were obtained from two groups of parents – the first with five parents resistant to and the second with five parents susceptible to Fusarium wilt. The segregating populations were evaluated in experiments in three years/generations for reaction to Fusarium wilt, yield, and 100SW in an area naturally infested with the pathogen. The diallel analysis showed additive and nonadditive effects in control of the three studied traits, with predominance of additive effects. CNFP 15194, CNFP 15207, and 'BRS Esplendor' are the genotypes with high and negative general combining ability estimates (gi = -0.59, -0.76, and -0.13, respectively), being recommended for use as parents for resistance to Fusarium wilt. Among them, CNFP 15194 also forms populations with a greater 100SW (gi = 0.69). The BRS FP403 cultivar is recommended as a parent to increase yield (gi = 218) and 100SW (gi = 1.46). Six populations were selected to obtain black bean lines that combine resistance to Fusarium wilt, high yield, and high 100SW.

Highlights

Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the second most produced commercial bean class in Brazil, representing 20% of the country’s common bean production, which, in 2020, was approximately 2.5 million metric tons of grain (Acompanhamento..., 2021)
Unlike the carioca class, which is the most widely grown in Brazil but has a low demand in the international market (Carbonell et al, 2019), black bean is consumed within the country and has export potential, since it is valued by international cuisine
One of these diseases is Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, which may result in losses of up to 100% when susceptible cultivars are used and when environmental conditions are favorable to the occurrence of the disease (ToledoSouza et al, 2012; Pereira et al, 2019a; Sasseron et al, 2020)

Summary

Introduction

Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the second most produced commercial bean class in Brazil, representing 20% of the country’s common bean production, which, in 2020, was approximately 2.5 million metric tons of grain (Acompanhamento..., 2021). Brazil does not yet produce a sufficient amount of black bean to supply the domestic market, importing approximately 120 thousand tons in 2020 (Acompanhamento..., 2021). Among the factors that lead to a low domestic production of black bean is the occurrence of diseases in the main black bean-production regions, located in the South and Southeast of Brazil. These diseases are intensified by planting the same crop in succession and by milder temperatures (Pereira et al, 2018). One of these diseases is Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, which may result in losses of up to 100% when susceptible cultivars are used and when environmental conditions are favorable to the occurrence of the disease (ToledoSouza et al, 2012; Pereira et al, 2019a; Sasseron et al, 2020)

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