Combining ability between common bean gene groups for root distribution trait

Paulo Henrique Cerutti,Sibila Grigolo,Rita Carolina De Melo,Ana Carolina Da Costa Lara Fioreze,Altamir Frederico Guidolin,Jefferson Luís Meirelles Coimbra

doi:10.1590/1413-7054202044011520

Paulo Henrique Cerutti, Sibila Grigolo + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202044011520

Copy DOI

Abstract

ABSTRACT When different gene groups are combined by hybridization, the expression of predominant genes for a trait must be known. This understanding is fundamental to the decisions made by breeders in the stages of cultivation and selection of segregating populations during the breeding program. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of combining ability and gene action for the root distribution traits of the Andean and Mesoamerican common bean gene groups. Six common bean parents from the Andean and Mesoamerican groups were hybridized in a complete diallel mating scheme, resulting in 30 F1 hybrids. The parents and hybrids were planted in the field in a simple lattice design. The target trait was root distribution, calculated as the relative number of roots in the topsoil. The effect of the general combining ability was significantly higher than that of the specific combining ability (58%) and the reciprocal effect (41%). Particularly, the combination estimates were modified according to the order of the gene groups used. The combinations IPR Uirapuru x BAF53 (Mesoamerican x Andean), BAF53 x CBS14 (Andean x Andean), and CBS14 x IPR Uirapuru (Andean x Mesoamerican) mainly exhibited an increase in the mean root distribution. However, the highest fraction of genetic variance correlated with additive components (60%), even in crosses involving different gene groups. Consequently, the additive gene action was predominant in the expression of root distribution trait in common bean, irrespective of the gene group used.

Highlights

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important protein-rich food, mainly consumed in Latin American countries and across the African continent (Polania et al, 2016)
Six common bean parents (BAF07, BAF35, IPR Uirapuru, BAF53, CBS14, BRS Embaixador) were hybridized in a complete diallel cross, with n2 combinations, n (n-1)/2 hybrid populations and n (n-1)/2 reciprocal populations, where n is the number of parents
High R2 values indicate the adequacy of the mathematical model to explain the causes of variation and that most of the mean performance detected for the dependent variable is explained by the factors controlled in the experiment

Summary

Introduction

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important protein-rich food, mainly consumed in Latin American countries and across the African continent (Polania et al, 2016). Approximately 60% of the global output is produced in water-stressed environments. The primary reasons for the incomplete exploitation of the yield potential of cultivars developed in plant breeding programs include water deficiency aggravated by disease attacks (Atkinson; Urwin, 2012; Ribeiro et al, 2019). The breeding of genotypes capable of thriving under heterogeneous soil-climatic conditions could improve the tolerance of these cultivars to water stress. Traits related to the root system are directly associated with the ability of resource acquisition under non-optimal cultivation conditions (Basu; Pal, 2011). Only a few breeding programs have focused on an improved root system of genotypes grown in the field

Objectives

Methods

Results