Combining ability and heterosis analyses for oil and healthy fatty acid composition in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Md Rayhan Sikder,Sariful Haque Bhuiya,Mohammad Anwar Hossain,Md Abul Kalam Azad,Khondakar Sumsul Arefin,Md Mahbubul Hassan Sohag

doi:10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1239

Md Rayhan Sikder, Sariful Haque Bhuiya + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1239

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Abstract

Development of a variety having high oil content and desirable fatty acid compositions is a major objective of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programmes. To study the gene action (through combining ability) and heterosis for oil and fatty acids, an experiment was conducted using a 4 × 4 full diallel method. Four parents and their 12 F1 hybrids were evaluated following a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded for oil, fatty acids and oleic-linolenic (O/L) acid ratio. Highly significant genotypic variation was found among the parents and their F1 hybrids for the studied traits. The combining ability studies (general, specific and reciprocal) reflected that the oil and fatty acid traits were controlled by both non-additive and additive genes having significant maternal effects. Results also revealed that the parent China Badam was the best general combiner for oil, linolenic acid and O/L ratio whereas the parent Binachinabadam-4 for oleic and linoleic acids. Best SCA performance was found from the cross Dacca-1 × China Badam and Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam for oil, oleic- and linolenic-acid contents. Significant heterosis for oil content was observed in F1 hybrids obtained from the cross Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam and its reciprocal cross. The cross China Badam × GC (24)-1-1-1 showed a higher O/L ratio (>4) along with lower level of saturated fatty acids. Therefore, these crosses could be exploited in future breeding programmes to develop new lines for higher oil and healthy fatty acid compositions.

Highlights

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oilseed crop in the world, is considered as an important sources of oil, fatty acids, folate, protein and antioxidants [1,2,3]
In respect of oil content, the parent Dacca-1 showed the highest percentage of oil content (51.73%) whereas Binachinabadam-4 showed the lowest (47.33%) content of oil (Table 3)
Significantly higher general combining ability (GCA) for oil content, O/L ratio and linolenic acid was observed in the parent China Badam whereas Binachinabadam-4 showed significantly higher GCA for oleic acid and linoleic acid

Summary

Introduction

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oilseed crop in the world, is considered as an important sources of oil, fatty acids, folate, protein and antioxidants [1,2,3]. It is grown in more than 100 countries with a global production of 42.4 Mt from 25.7 Mha of land [2]. About 2/3 of the world’s total groundnut production is used to produce oil and the remaining 1/3 is used in food products [4] It is the third most important oil seed crop after mustard and sesame in Bangladesh [5]. Consumers and related industries have a growing interest in groundnuts for quality oils and food products

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