Abstract
On a global scale, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated crop among all cereals. Increasing pollution, population expansion, socio-economic development, ecological and industrial policies have induced changes in overall climatic attributes. The impact of these factors on agriculture dynamics has led to various biotic and abiotic stresses, i.e., significant decline in rainfall, directly affect sustainable agriculture. Increasing abiotic stresses have a direct negative effect on worldwide crop production. More promising and improved stress-tolerant strategies that can help to feed the increasing global population are required. A laboratory experiment was performed on two of the latest wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Akbar 2019 and Anaj 2017) from Punjab Pakistan, to determine the influence of seed priming with thiamine (vitamin B1) along with soil inoculation of Endophytic bacterial strains to mitigate the effects of drought stress at different degrees. Results revealed that thiamine helped in the remote germination; seeds of Anaj 2017 germinated within 16 hours while Akbar 2019 germinated after one day. Overall growth parameters of Anaj 2017 were negatively affected even under higher levels of drought stress, while Akbar 2019 proved to be a susceptible cultivar. A significant increase in RFW (54%), SFW (85%), RDW (69%), SDW (67%) and TChl (136%) validated the effectiveness of D-T3 compared to C-T0 in drought stress. Significant decrease in MDA, EL and H2O2 signified the imperative function of D-T3 over C-T0 under drought stress. In conclusion and recommendation, we declare that farmers can get better wheat growth under drought stress by application of D-T3 over C-T0.
Highlights
Effects of treatments were significant in root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root length (RL) and shoot length (SL) of Akbar 19 and Anaj 17
Treatment D-T3 was significantly best for the improvement in RFW of Akbar 19 over C-T0
Application of D-T2 and D-T1 performed significantly better for RFW than C-T0 in Akbar 19
Summary
Among all abiotic stresses (heavy metals [1,2,3,4,5,6], salinity [7], nutrient deficiency [8,9]), drought is the most severe stress [10] that decreases crop production in various world climatic regions [11,12]. A drastic reduction (50%) in the yield of crops occurs annually due to soil water deficiencies [11,13]. High light intensity, shifts in monsoon patterns, physiological drought conditions (salinity stress) and temperature dynamics are reasons for water scarcity in any region. Such factors result in extensive evapotranspiration, water holding capacity of the rhizosphere and uneven or low rainfall patterns [11,13].
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