Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Anthers of AL-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer Line Reveals New Insights into Mechanism of Male Sterility in Common Wheat.

Miaomiao Hao,Wenlong Yang,Tingdong Li,Aimin Zhang,Muhammad Shoaib,Jiazhu Sun,Xin Li,Xiaoming Tian,Dongcheng Liu,Yingbin Nie

doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.762332

Abstract

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays an essential role in hybrid seeds production. In wheat, orf279 was reported as a CMS gene of AL-type male sterile line (AL18A), but its sterility mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the anthers of AL18A and its maintainer line (AL18B) were performed to interpret the sterility mechanism. Results showed that the electron transport chain and ROS scavenging enzyme expression levels changed in the early stages of the anther development. Biological processes, i.e., fatty acid synthesis, lipid transport, and polysaccharide metabolism, were abnormal, resulting in pollen abortion in AL18A. In addition, we identified several critical regulatory genes related to anther development through combined analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Most of the genes were enzymes or transcription factors, and 63 were partially homologous to the reported genic male sterile (GMS) genes. This study provides a new perspective of the sterility mechanism of AL18A and lays a foundation to study the functional genes of anther development.

Highlights

Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that offspring are superior to the parents in terms of viability, stress resistance, growth potential, and other traits (Chen and Liu, 2014)
The plant background and timing of tetrad, uni-nuclear, bi-nuclear, and tri-nuclear stages for anther development are in line. 1504, 916, 2973, and 3889 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the AL18A and AL18B were obtained at the tetrad, uni-nuclear, bi-nuclear, and the tri-nuclear stages of anther development, respectively (Figure 1B)
The number of DEGs gradually increased from the uni-nuclear stage to the tri-nuclear stage, this result is consistent with our previous discovery that AL18A anthers have delayed PCD in the tapetal layer at the uni-nuclear stage (Hao et al, 2021)

Summary

Introduction

Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that offspring are superior to the parents in terms of viability, stress resistance, growth potential, and other traits (Chen and Liu, 2014). Heterosis can be utilized to develop new varieties with high yield, good quality, and stress resistance. It is challenging to utilize heterosis in self-pollinated crops. Making it necessary to develop male sterile lines (Berlan, 2018). The cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line is one of the leading male sterility systems used to produce hybrid seeds. The CMS genes exist in mitochondria while the restorer genes (RF) exist in the nucleus. The CMS/RF system is produced due to abnormal between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Tang et al, 2017). Different types of CMS lines have been reported in wheat, e.g., T-CMS, AL-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

Methods

Results

Conclusion