Abstract
Environmental pollutants may cause adverse effects on the immune system of aquatic organisms. This study revealed that combination of environmental pollutants and Bisphenol A(BPA) could cause an acute inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae as shown by body alterations, which may imply a common immunotoxicity mechanism for most environmental pollutants. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity after co-exposure of BPA and Cd or Cr (III) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the oxidative stress pathway involved. Evaluation of lethal and developmental endpoints such as hatching, edema, malformations, abnormal heart rate and survival rate were evaluated after 96 h of exposure. Combination of BPA at 10 μM with Cd or Cr at 0.5 μM exposure induce malformations at 96 hpf in zebrafish larvae, as well as significantly increases oxidative stress and induce apoptosis on larvae. Our study suggested how environmental pollutant showed a synergistic effect at common not-effective doses, promoting decrease of antioxidant defense and contrasted fish development.
Highlights
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are molecules with a structural similarity with endogenous hormones, that can alter hormone biosynthesis, excretion or biodegradation.Environmental exposures to high levels of EDCs can result in alterations to biological homeostasis
BPA 50 μM groups induced a suite of abnormalities in zebrafish embryos
When embryos were treated with BPA 50 μM, no hatching rate was observed after 96 hpf
Summary
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are molecules with a structural similarity with endogenous hormones, that can alter hormone biosynthesis, excretion or biodegradation. Environmental exposures to high levels of EDCs can result in alterations to biological homeostasis. Numerous classes of chemical compounds have been identified as endocrine disruptors, and their widespread presence in the environment has increased concerns for wildlife and for humans. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a building block of polycarbonate plastics and is used heavly in the production of consumer products including food containers BPA can be found in epoxy resins and store receipts, as it is an additive in thermal paper [1,2,3]. Since BPA is heavily present in consumer products, it is one of the highest produced chemicals in the world with approximately comsumption reaching
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