Abstract
Background The inconvenience of social and behavioural deficits after cerebral ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is still not well documented. Aim We aimed to study the protective effect of preconditioning swimming exercise combined with melatonin against cerebral I/R induced injury. Methodology Sixty rats were allocated into 6 groups; groups I and II served as control. Groups 3,4,5,6 subjected to bilateral carotid ligation for 30 minutes (min.) followed by reperfusion. Group 3 left untreated while groups 4 and 6; underwent swimming exercise 30 min/day, five days a week for three weeks before the surgery. Groups 5 and 6 treated with melatonin 30 minutes before the operation, then, all rats in groups 4, 5,6 were subjected to I/R. After that, groups 5 and 6 treated with 2nd dose of melatonin 30 minutes after reperfusion. Results Combined strategy exhibited the most neuroprotective effect through prevention of cerebral I/R induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis with subsequent improvement in socio behaviour deficits and enhanced Glial cell proliferative capacity. Conclusion The protective contribution of combined strategy is associated with modulation in Macrophage‐stimulating 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MST1/MAPK/ERK) pathway which may explain, at least in part, its protective potential.
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