Combined spontaneous Stokes and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy

Abstract

The simultaneous determination of multiple parameters is the key in the characterization of processes and materials that change with time. In combustion environments, the combined measurement of temperature and chemical composition is particularly desirable. In the present work, possible approaches for the simultaneous application of spontaneous Raman scattering (RS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy are proposed and analyzed. While RS provides concentration information of all major species, vibrational CARS is a highly accurate thermometry tool at flame conditions. Five experimentally feasible CARS–RS schemes are identified and discussed with respect to signal intensity, measurement volume, and experimental complexity. From this analysis, one scheme was found to be the best option. It utilizes a broadband dye laser centered at 852 nm as a pump and the fundamental 1064-nm radiation of the Nd:YAG as Stokes laser. The third harmonic is used as CARS probe and RS laser. The experimentally most elegant scheme replaces the third harmonic in the above scheme by the second harmonic hence involving the smallest number of optical components in the setup.