Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a clinical syndrome characterized by frequency, urgency, and bladder pain or pelvic pain; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic markers are unknown. In this study, microbiome and metabolome analysis were used to explain the urine signatures of IC patients. Urine samples from 20 IC patients and 22 control groups were analyzed by using 16S rRNA sequence and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Four opportunistic pathogen genera, including Serratia, Brevibacterium, Porphyromonas, and Citrobacter, were significantly upregulated in IC group. The altered metabolite signatures of the metabolome may be related to sphingosine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the associations were observed between different metabolites and microbiomes of IC. The present study suggests that the combined signatures of IC in urine microbiome and metabolome may become its prospective diagnostic markers.
Highlights
Recent studies have found that the human micro-ecology is a forgotten organ that plays an important role (O'Hara and Shanahan, 2006)
The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI), Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores in Interstitial cystitis (IC) group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while there were no significant differences in Quality of Life (QOL) scores and DM and HP prevalence between the two groups
The results showed that compared with the control group, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was significantly increased in the IC group, which was consistent with the above research results (Figure 5B)
Summary
Recent studies have found that the human micro-ecology is a forgotten organ that plays an important role (O'Hara and Shanahan, 2006). The perfect balance of human micro-ecology plays an important role in human health. An imbalance in the human micro-ecology gives rise to a series of diseases, such as digestive tract diseases, metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental diseases (Manichanh et al, 2012; Cox et al, 2014; Klingelhoefer and Reichmann, 2015; Takagi et al, 2016). A large number of studies have found that a variety of urinary system diseases are closely related to the imbalance of the urinary tract microecological organ (Brubaker and Wolfe, 2017; Shrestha et al, 2018).
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