Abstract
The gaseous hormone ethylene (ET) controls diverse aspects of plant life (1). In innate immunity, ET is often associated with resistance to necrotrophic pathogens (2). ET also plays a role in induced systemic resistance that is triggered by the perception of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere (2). ET is often antagonistic with the hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (2). However, perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to the production of ET, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid, and all three hormones are required for local PAMP-induced resistance to pathogens (3, 4). The precise role of ET in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) was therefore unclear. In PNAS, Tintor et al. and Liu et al. (5, 6) present convincing evidence for a role of ET in an amplification loop required for sustained PTI, and some growth responses triggered by the hormone.
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