Abstract
The design of a massive MIMO network requires a channel model that captures the Spatio-temporal dimensions of the propagation environment. In this paper, we propose a novel method combining Hybrid Raytracing - Finite difference time domain (FDTD) and network planner tools to address this requirement. This method provides accurate and realistic EMF exposure models for the design of a massive MIMO network. Using this method, we proceed with the optimization of the BS's locations under the low power consumption and low EMF exposure constraints. Assuming equal preference of the optimization objectives, the simulations show that the uplink localized 10g dose appears to be the dominant factor of the localized 10g EMF exposure. Moreover, a massive MIMO network designed to serve 224 simultaneous active users at the same time-frequency resource is subject to an increase of the total whole-body dose (2 times higher in downlink and +18% in uplink), compared to a design with 14 active users. However, in the same conditions, the downlink localized 10g dose reduces (20 times lower) whereas the uplink localized 10g dose increases (+23%) in comparison with the scenario with fewer users (14). Besides, the electromagnetic field strength in all locations obtained with this new method is 2 times weaker compared to a 4G LTE network, while complying with the international guidelines.
Highlights
Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output is expected to be used in the fifth generation wireless communications (5G) and enables the possibility for the operators to deploy and run a network that is both spectral and energy efficient, while delivering unprecedented capacity to the users
ENVIRONMENT OF STUDY The environment of deployment of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) base station (BS) is based on the 3D geographical system information (GIS) which is related to a 6.85 km2 suburban area in Ghent, Belgium
This method combines the RT-Finite difference time domain (FDTD) and the capacitybased deployment tools to account for the spatial consistency requirements of mMIMO which capture all propagation behavior of the environments such as the directional information per antenna element and their inter-correlation
Summary
Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) is expected to be used in the fifth generation wireless communications (5G) and enables the possibility for the operators to deploy and run a network that is both spectral and energy efficient, while delivering unprecedented capacity to the users. The massive MIMO (mMIMO) key enabler allows the 5G base station (BS) to focus the antennas’ energy towards the direction of the intended user while suppressing the interference from the other users by utilizing beamforming in line-of-sight situation (LOS) or precoding in non line-ofsight (NLOS). This leads to spatial concentration of peaks. Of power density around the users and may result into a significant level of electromagnetic (EMF) exposure [1] This needs to be taken into account for the design of the mMIMO cellular networks, in addition to the power consumption of the network.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
