Abstract
The identification of efficacious psychological and psychiatric therapies is arguably one of the most significant achievements in the pediatric anxiety disorders field. Controlled trials have supported the usefulness of psychological and pharmacological monotherapies for pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and separation anxiety disorder (Compton et al., 2004; Feeney, Foa, Treadwell, & March, 2004; In-Albon & Schneider, 2007; Reinblatt & Riddle, 2007; Seidel & Walkup, 2006; Watson & Rees, 2008). Clinical practice guidelines, developed from a synthesis of research evidence and expert opinion, have recommended cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as the first line psychotherapy and treatment of choice (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), 2007; Canadian Psychiatric Association (CPA), 2006). The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the recommended first-line pharmacological agents for pediatric anxiety disorders. Second or third-line pharmacotherapy alternatives include noradrenergic antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), venlafaxine), benzodiazepines, and buspirone.
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