Abstract
BackgroundCombination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials is a rapidly growing approach in regenerative medicine particularly for chronic degenerative disorders including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The present study examined the effect of biomaterial scaffolds on equine adipose-derived MSC morphology, viability, adherence, migration, and osteogenic differentiation.MethodsMSCs were cultivated in conjunction with collagen CultiSpher-S Microcarrier (MC), nanocomposite xerogels B30 and combined B30 with strontium (B30Str) biomaterials in osteogenic differentiation medium either under static or mechanical fluid shear stress (FSS) culture conditions. The data were generated by histological means, live cell imaging, cell viability, adherence and migration assays, semi-quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantification of the osteogenic markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression.ResultsThe data revealed that combined mechanical FSS with MC but not B30 enhanced MSC viability and promoted their migration. Combined osteogenic medium with MC, B30, and B30Str increased ALP activity compared to cultivation in basal medium. Osteogenic induction with MC, B30, and B30Str resulted in diffused matrix mineralization. The combined osteogenic induction with biomaterials under mechanical FSS increased Runx2 protein expression either in comparison to those cells cultivated in BM or those cells induced under static culture. Runx2 and ALP expression was upregulated following combined osteogenic differentiation together with B30 and B30Str regardless of static or FSS culture.ConclusionsTaken together, the data revealed that FSS in conjunction with biomaterials promoted osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. This combination may be considered as a marked improvement for clinical applications to cure bone defects.
Highlights
Cell-based stem cell therapy together with biomaterials is a rapidly growing approach for tissue regeneration
Taken together, the data revealed that fluid shear stress (FSS) in conjunction with biomaterials promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
We show that combined mechanical FSS together with MC, Nanocomposite xerogels B30 (B30), and B30 with strontium (B30Str) increases osteogenic differentiation of MSCs as shown by upregulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expression
Summary
Cell-based stem cell therapy together with biomaterials is a rapidly growing approach for tissue regeneration. The aim is to repair and restore normal tissue function by means of stem cells together with biological macromolecules as scaffold materials. Such approach may provide a new therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic degenerative disorders that are currently incurable with ordinary routine applications. Combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials is a rapidly growing approach in regenerative medicine for chronic degenerative disorders including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The present study examined the effect of biomaterial scaffolds on equine adipose-derived MSC morphology, viability, adherence, migration, and osteogenic differentiation
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