Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay system was established, allowing rplD gene-based simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in enriched meat products. Additionally, one-step differentiation of target species on agar plates was enabled by cdtC gene- and gyrA gene-based duplex LAMP. Both the rplD and cdtC–gyrA LAMP assays amplified the target sequences in all 62 C. jejuni and 27 C. coli strains used for determining inclusivity and revealed 100% exclusivity toward 85 tested non-target species. Throughout the entire experiments, C. jejuni and C. coli strains were 100% distinguishable by melting curves of cdtC and gyrA LAMP products. After 24-h enrichment, the rplD LAMP assay reliably detected initial inoculation levels of 10–100 CFU/g in artificially contaminated minced meat. Investigation of naturally contaminated meat samples revealed a diagnostic accuracy of 95% toward real-time PCR and 94.1% toward the standard culture method applying the 24-h incubation period. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 89.8, 100, 100, and 91.2%, respectively, when measured against real-time PCR, and 89.6, 98.1, 97.7, and 91.2%, respectively, when measured against the standard culture method. After 48-h enrichment, the detection limit of the rplD LAMP assay improved to initial inoculation levels of 1–10 CFU/g in artificially contaminated minced meat. Applying the 48-h incubation period on naturally contaminated meat samples resulted in 100% concordant results between rplD LAMP, real-time PCR, and the standard culture method. The established LAMP assay system was proved to be suitable for rapid meat sample screening. Furthermore, it constitutes a promising tool for investigating other Campylobacter sources and could therefore make a valuable contribution to protect consumers from foodborne illness.
Highlights
Campylobacter infections occur in countries worldwide and have moderate impact on public health and economy
The rplD and cdtC–gyrA gene-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay system established in this study provides a suitable tool for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection as well as differentiation of C. jejuni und C. coli in processed meat products
Even though sample enrichment is necessary for reliable test results, the LAMP assays described in this study are suitable for application in a restricted environment and could be used, for example, in a minimally equipped mobile laboratory
Summary
Campylobacter infections occur in countries worldwide and have moderate impact on public health and economy. As a preventive tool for fast hazard identification, these contribute to increased risk awareness, having a significant impact on responsible food handling by consumers (Her et al, 2020) This might be a valuable aspect for an improvement in industrial hygiene and the associated reduction of Campylobacter contamination in retail products. It was shown that the LAMP technique is robust against potential reaction inhibitors and copes with simplified DNA extraction procedures (Kaneko et al, 2007; Kreitlow et al, 2021) These characteristics make the LAMP method suitable for low-cost and rapid detection of pathogens with options for on-site application or implementation under restricted laboratory conditions often found in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on rplD-based detection and cdtC- and gyrA-based differentiation of C. jejuni and C. coli by LAMP
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