Combined intrarectal lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block: A 'balanced' anaesthesia for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy?

Abstract

Periprostatic nerve block (PNB) which appears to be the gold standard for pain relief during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate (TrusP) biopsy has been proven to be lacking in providing satisfactory anaesthesia during transrectal ultrasound (Trus) probe insertion into the anorectum necessitating the addition of another technique to produce a 'balanced' anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine whether combined intrarectal lidocaine gel and periprostatic nerve block (cGPNB) will provide adequate anaesthesia at all stages of TrusP compared with caudal block (CB). Data were prospectively collected from patients with indications for TrusP who were randomly assigned to either cGPNB (Group A) or CB (Group B). Comparative analysis of the numerical rating pain score (NRS) between two groups was done after administration of anaesthesia, Trus probe insertion, biopsy needle puncture of the prostate and 1 h after biopsy. There were 56 patients in Group A and 53 in Group B. There was no significant difference in NRS grouping between the two arms of the study after administration of anaesthesia (P = 0.93), biopsy needle puncture of the prostate (P = 0.28) and 1 h after the procedure (P = 0.39). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients with no/mild pain between the two arms of the study during probe insertion (P = 0.65). None of the patients in both arms of the study had severe pain. Across Group A and B, 35 (62.5%) versus 40 (75.5%), 20 (35.7%) versus 11 (20.8%) and 1 (1.8%) versus 2 (3.8%) adjudged the procedure as very tolerable, fairly tolerable and intolerable respectively (P = 0.20). All the patients in Group A versus 49 (92.5%) in Group B will choose the same anaesthesia for subsequent biopsies (P = 0.11). cGPNB provides balanced anaesthesia at all stages of TrusP with excellent patient tolerability.