Abstract
BackgroundSwine dysentery (SD) is a severe infectious disease with a relevant impact on pig production usually caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, although B. hampsonii causes an identical clinical picture. SD control relies on antimicrobials, good management practices and strict biosecurity with cleaning and disinfection as crucial tools to avoid the pathogen transmission. This study evaluates the in-vitro efficacy of an array of commercial disinfectants against a collection of B. hyodysenteriae isolates using broth tests. The efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols was also evaluated on two farms with endemic SD using surface swabs collected in emptied pens before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures, using both real-time PCR and bacterial microbiological culture.ResultsMost of the commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against all B. hyodysenteriae isolates tested, with a reduction of more than 5.00 log10 CFU/mL (bactericidal efficacy of 99.999%). However, some isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to Virkon-S and Limoseptic disinfectants. The evaluation of cleaning and disinfection protocols on farms with SD outbreaks showed that approximately half the pens tested (n = 25) were positive by real-time PCR after pigs removal (mean B. hyodysenteriae counts 5.72 ± 1.04 log10 CFU/mL) while almost 20% of the pens remained positive after cleaning (n = 7) and disinfection (n = 5) procedures although with significantly lower, mean estimates (4.31 ± 0.43 log10 CFU/mL and 4.01 ± 0.55 log10 CFU/mL, respectively).ConclusionsThese results show the efficacy of disinfectants against B. hyodysenteriae but also stress the need to implement adequately the cleaning and disinfection protocols on pig farms and review and revise their efficiency periodically.
Highlights
Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe infectious disease with a relevant impact on pig production usually caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, B. hampsonii causes an identical clinical picture
Mean B. hyodysenteriae counts in control tests was 7.6 ± 0.2 log10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL and we observed that disinfectants activity was not inhibited by the interfering substance
On‐farm efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols As shown in Table 2, detection of B. hyodysenteriae by real-time PCR revealed that 44.6% of the pens tested (n = 56) were positive to B. hyodysenteriae after being emptied of pigs and before they were cleaned (BC)
Summary
Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe infectious disease with a relevant impact on pig production usually caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, B. hampsonii causes an identical clinical picture. This study evaluates the in-vitro efficacy of an array of commercial disinfectants against a collection of B. hyodysenteriae isolates using broth tests. The efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols was evaluated on two farms with endemic SD using surface swabs collected in emptied pens before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures, using both real-time PCR and bacterial microbiological culture. Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorhagic enteric disease, which causes important losses in the pig industry due to mortality and sub-optimal performance [1, 2]. The classical etiological agent is Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, a Gram-negative, Gómez‐García et al Porcine Health Management (2022) 8:3 favourable conditions such as organic matter, humidity and darkness [3]
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