Combined functional pelvic floor muscle exercises with Swiss ball and urotherapy for management of dysfunctional voiding in children: a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

We report the clinical results of two types of urotherapy programs in children with dysfunctional voiding (DV). Sixty children with a median age of 8 (range, 5-14) diagnosed with DV were randomly allocated to one of two groups, each made up of 30 patients. Patients in group A underwent behavioral urotherapy (hydration, scheduled voiding, toilet training, and high-fiber diet) combined with pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises, whereas group B only received behavioral urotherapy. All parents completed a voiding and bowel habit diary chart. Uroflowmetry with pelvic floor surface electromyography (EMG) and bladder ultrasound were performed on all patients at the beginning and the end of the 1-year study. Abnormal voiding pattern normalized to a bell shape in 21/30 of patients in group A and 8/30 of patients in group B (P < 0.000). EMG activity during voiding disappeared significantly in 23/30 patients in group A compared to 15/30 patients in group B (P < 0.02). Episodes of urgency resolved in 12/14 of patients in group A and 3/11 of patients in group B (P < 0.01). Daytime wetting improved in 15/17 and 4/11 of patients in groups A and B, respectively. In addition, reduction in post-void residue (PVR) was significant in group A (P < 0.003). Functional PFM exercises with Swiss ball combined with behavioral urotherapy proved as a safe and effective therapeutic modality, reducing the frequency of urinary incontinence, PVR, and the severity of constipation in children with DV.