Abstract
This study considers the effects of free convection on laminar flow of water in horizontal circular tubes having essentially constant heat flux at the tube wall. A visual and quantitative study was performed utilizing electrically heated glass tubing. These data were combined with other data and correlations to obtain a general picture of the influence of free convection on the Nusselt number. The final correlation curves given in Fig. 11 are provisionally recommended for obtaining heat-transfer coefficients in practical situations. With reasonable heating rates, the heat-transfer coefficients can be three to four times the values predicted by traditional constant property solutions.
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