Abstract
This study proposed a one-step wood modification method by combining the deposition of ZnO particles on wood surface and heat treatment. The effects of ZnO particles and heat treatment on mechanical properties and dimensional stability of poplar wood were examined. Samples were sorted into 4 groups, i.e., control, heat-treated, impregnation/heat-treated, and hydrothermal-treated samples. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of impregnation/heat-treated and hydrothermal-treated wood samples were measured in comparison with those of the control and heat-treated wood samples. Compared with the control ones, the reduction of the flexural strength of the heat-treated, impregnation/heat-treated and hydrothermal-treated samples were about 11.57%, 8.53% and 15.90%, respectively. The modulus of elasticity of the heat-treated and hydrothermal-treated samples decreased by 13.78% and 23.78%, respectively, while the impregnation/heat-treated samples increased by about 8.57% due to the ZnO particles growth. The dimensional stabilities of the heat-treated, impregnated/heat-treated and hydrothermal-treated samples were improved in comparison with that of the control sample. All samples were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X - ray diffraction (XRD).
Highlights
Heat treatment is considered as an eco-friendly modification process, which improves some wood properties, referring to the enhanced hygroscopic properties and dimensional stability[1], decreased wettability[2], and increased durability[3]
The examination results of mechanical properties and dimensional stability showed that the impregnation/heat treatment generating zinc oxide on the wood surface compensated the loss of mechanical properties that caused by the heat treatment, and the dimensional stability was improved in comparison with the heat-treated poplar
Compared with the control samples, modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the heat-treated and hydrothermal-treated samples decreased by 14.29% and 23.81%, respectively, while the MOE of the impregnated/heat-treated samples increased by 7.48%
Summary
Heat treatment is considered as an eco-friendly modification process, which improves some wood properties, referring to the enhanced hygroscopic properties and dimensional stability[1], decreased wettability[2], and increased durability[3]. A series of physical and chemical methods have been proposed to alleviate the negative effects of heat treatment, such as integrating heat treatment with densification[10], borate salt[11] and silver nanopaticles treatments[12], but these methods need complex process and difficile-manipulation Another approach was to deposit the nanomaterials on wood surfaces using the hydrothermal method[13], for instance, sedimentation of ZnO nanorods, TiO2/Cu2O composite coating on the wooden substrate[14, 15]. The objective of this study was to develop a one-step wood modification method by combining the deposition of ZnO particles on wood surfaces and heat treatment to alleviate the mechanical property loss caused by heat treatment. The examination results of mechanical properties and dimensional stability showed that the impregnation/heat treatment generating zinc oxide on the wood surface compensated the loss of mechanical properties that caused by the heat treatment, and the dimensional stability was improved in comparison with the heat-treated poplar
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