Combined effects of temperature and salinity on critical thermal minima of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Penaeidae)

Abstract

Critical thermal minima (CTMin) were determined for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles from four different acclimation temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and salinities (10‰, 20‰, 30‰, and 40‰). The lowest and highest CTMin of shrimp ranged between 7.2 °C at 15 °C/30‰ and 11.44 °C at 30 °C/20‰ at the cooling rate of 1 °C h −1. Acclimation temperature and salinity, as well as the interaction of both parameters, had significant effects on the CTMin values of L. vannamei ( P<0.01). Yet, the results showed a much more profound effect of temperature on low thermal tolerance of juveniles. Only 40‰ salinity had an influence on the CTMin values ( P<0.01). As the acclimation temperature was lowered from 30 to 15 °C thermal tolerance of the shrimp significantly increased by 3.25–4.14 °C. The acclimation response ratio (ARR) of the Pacific white shrimp exposed to different combinations of salinity and temperature ranged between 0.25 and 0.27. When this species is farmed in sub-tropical regions, its pond water temperature in the over-wintering facilities (regardless of the water salinity level) must never fall below 12 °C throughout the cold season to prevent mortalities.