Abstract
Salmonella contaminated in poultry meat remains an important food safety issue as this pathogen leads to a serious foodborne illness worldwide. A number of poultry meat products have often been recalled or rejected due to Salmonella contamination leading to high economic losses each year. In poultry meat processing, various approaches with a strong bacteriostatic effect on Salmonella have been introduced including application of bacteriophages or organic acids. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of a Salmonella phage cocktail at lower multiplicity of infection (MOI) and organic acid applied to artificially contaminated chicken meat under storage conditions. Newly isolated Salmonella phages (n = 32) showed diverse lysis profiles exhibiting lysis ability ranging from 27.7 to 87.8% on 29 serovars of Salmonella. Two selected phages, vB_SenM_P7 and vB_SenP_P32 presenting the highest lysis ability were used in a phage cocktail formulation. Acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and lactic acid included in this study showed the inhibitory effect on Salmonella from 0.09 to 0.25% for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and more than 0.5% for the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). A phage cocktail showed highest % survival in propionic acid which was combined with the phage treatment. Use of this phage-acid combination not only could completely kill Salmonella in-vitro but could also lower Salmonella number on artificially contaminated chicken meat at 4 °C during a 3-day storage by 1.4 log units while a reduction of 0.4 and 1.2 log units was observed in treatment with a phage cocktail only and propionic acid only, respectively. Overall, findings suggest a combined treatment using phage and organic acid as an effective alternative for controlling Salmonella in the poultry meat industry to improve food safety.
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