Combined Effects of Parenting in Childhood and Resilience on Work Stress in Nonclinical Adult Workers From the Community.

Hiroto Sameshima,Jiro Masuya,Yuko Odagiri,Kotaro Ono,Satomi Nakajima,Takeshi Inoue,Akiyoshi Shimura,Shigeru Inoue,Masahiko Ichiki

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00776

Abstract

BackgroundStress responses induced by job stressors are modified by individual factors. Perceived parental bonding and resilience would play important roles as such individual factors. In this study, we analyzed the mediating roles of resilience on parenting, job stressors, and stress responses among adult workers from the community.MethodsA total of 528 workers participated in this study after providing written consent, and completed questionnaires on demographic data, as well as Parental Bonding Instrument, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Associations between perceived parental bonding, resilience, perceived job stressors, and the psychological and physical stress response (PPSR) were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsStructural equation modeling with covariance structure analysis showed that parental overprotection reduced resilience and increased perceived job stressors and PPSR. Resilience and perceived job stressors and their combination mediated the effect of parental overprotection on PPSR. Resilience mediated the effect of parental overprotection on perceived job stressors. Perceived job stressors mediated the effect of resilience on PPSR. Parental care had opposite effects to parental overprotection, but the difference was small.ConclusionIn this study, we showed that perceived parental bonding affects resilience, and that both factors affect the stress response and perceived job stressors. These findings suggest that parental bonding and resilience are major individual factors affecting work stress, and should be noted when considering industrial hygiene measures for individual workers.

Highlights

The World Health Organization reported that work stress is caused by a mismatch between a person’s knowledge and skills and the job, unmeaningful tasks, unpleasant duties, too much or too little workload, lack of communication, harassment, and conflicts of work-life balance [1]
Occupational contract, job class, and overtime work hours of participants were not associated with psychological and physical stress response (PPSR) scores significantly, whereas a discretionary work style showed the lower score of PPSR
CD-RISC scores were negatively correlated with PPSR scores, and perceived job stressors on the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) were positively correlated with PPSR scores

Summary

Introduction

The World Health Organization reported that work stress is caused by a mismatch between a person’s knowledge and skills and the job, unmeaningful tasks, unpleasant duties, too much or too little workload, lack of communication, harassment, and conflicts of work-life balance [1]. Hans Selye proposed that nonspecific reactions to the strain caused by a stimulation (i.e., a stressor) from the external environment is called stress [3]. Work stressors cause psychological and physical responses (PPSR) (reactions or strains) in individuals, and the above systemic changes are called “work stress” [4]. The Generic Job Stress Questionnaire developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which is a standard evaluation method of work stress, asks respondents to evaluate the intensity of work stressors subjectively [4]. Stress responses induced by job stressors are modified by individual factors. We analyzed the mediating roles of resilience on parenting, job stressors, and stress responses among adult workers from the community

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