Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic, has caused unprecedented global social and economic impacts and many deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID-19 to severe and critical stages, and it is shown that the coronavirus appears more severely in people with cancer. Pro-inflammatory status and weakened immune system due to cancer-related treatments can be determinants in the immune system’s response to the coronavirus in these patients. Higher physical activity levels are associated with lower hospitalization rates and mortality in COVID-19. Also, regular exercise training can improve immune system responses, modulate inflammatory responses, and improve psychological parameters in cancer patients. The interactive effects of nutritional supplements on immune responses and anti-inflammatory status have been shown in some studies. The purpose of this perspective article was to investigate the interaction between dietary supplementation and regular physical exercise in controlling risk factors associated with coronavirus in cancer patients. In addition to appropriate dietary habits, some nutritional supplements, especially vitamin D, have been shown to improve the immune system’s response against COVID-19 and cancer. Using lifestyle strategies such as regular physical activity and intake of functional compounds as supplements can be effective in treatment outcomes, quality of life, and overall survival in cancer patients. We proposed that combining dietary supplements and exercise training in cancer patients can boost immune responses against COVID-19 and probably improve vaccine responses. Angiotensin (ANG)-(1-7) Mas receptor axis can probably activate following exercise training and vitamin D combination. And can prevent pulmonary injury, hematological alterations, and hyperinflammatory state in COVID-19.
Highlights
Humans are exposed to different viruses; and the human body is rapidly involved in an immune response to eradicate the virus, with a pattern of detection and the production of memory cells [1]
Evidence suggests that patients with SARSCoV-2, who previously suffered from rheumatological immune diseases and other inflammatory diseases are more fragile to an acute respiratory syndrome caused by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) [5]
COVID-19 is spreading with new variants, and cancer patients are prone to severe cases of COVID-19
Summary
Humans are exposed to different viruses; and the human body is rapidly involved in an immune response to eradicate the virus, with a pattern of detection and the production of memory cells [1]. Positive effects of acute or chronic physical exercise were observed on innate and acquired immune responses and modulation of inflammatory status [15]. The modulatory effects of regular physical exercise on ACE2 and its receptors may be effective in preventing severe cases of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Considering the observed effects of dietary supplements and physical exercise in cancer and COVID-19, synergic effects of combining regular physical exercise and supplementation can improve the immune system responses in cancer patients against coronavirus. In addition to the physiological effects of regular physical exercise, it can improve immune responses. Regular physical exercise training creates effective responses in the acquired immune system especially in elderly people [35]. The psychological, physiological, and especially immunological effects of physical exercise can help these patients respond better to infection and possibly even better immune responses to the vaccine. We discussed the possible effects of some supplements in combination with exercise training as a possible modulator and the possible effects in the COVID-19
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